Australian Weather

16 Jul 2025, 9:39PM UTC

Huge Southern Ocean swells generated by a series of cold fronts are bearing down on three of Australia's coastlines, and parts of Indonesia and the Pacific. Vigorous cold fronts to the south and southwest of Australia have been generating gale to storm force winds over the past few days. Gale force winds can be estimated to have been blowing over an area greater than the landmass of Western Australia at times during Tuesday. Image: Cold fronts to the southwest of Australia on Wednesday, July 16, 2025. Huge seas exceeding 10 metres have been generated within the core of the storm, with wave heights exceeding 5 metres extending west and south of Tasmania, nearly to Africa. Image: OneFX significant wave heights to the south of Australia at 10am on Wednesday, July 16, 2025. The swell is propagating across the neighbouring oceans, impacting western and southern Australia with high intensity, before radiating north into the Indian Ocean, Tasman Sea and Pacific Ocean. Image: OneFX peak wave period radiating out from the storm centre across the Australian region and beyond between Tuesday, July 15, 2025 and Wednesday, July 23, 2025. Western Australia Significant wave heights will be largest around the southwest corner, remaining between 5 to 6 metres until early Saturday. A cold front crossing the southwest will bring a pulse of wave heights exceeding 6 metres on Friday morning. Wave heights of 4 to 5 metres are also expected across parts of the west and south coasts. Wild and woolly weather will mostly dominate under persistent westerly winds. However, areas north of Perth and along the south coast could see winds turning offshore on Saturday as the swell begins to ease, offering some opportunity for experienced surfers to venture out into the large waves. South Australia, Victoria and Tasmania Wave heights exceeding 4.5 metres are filling into South Australia, southwest Victoria and western Tasmania this Thursday. The secondary cold front crossing over the region on Saturday should bump up the swell height to around 6 metres, and possibly up to 7 metres for the exposed west coast of Tasmania. The more northerly wind direction across the coming days will favour a number of South Australia and Victoria’s coasts. For the prime surf breaks of Victoria’s Surf Coast, the westerly swell direction will limit the size reaching into Bells Beach, but favourable conditions should promote a good run of waves. Image: Bells Beach breaking in a large swell back in May 2023. Source: iStock / FiledIMAGE. The surge of swell on Saturday should see waves pushing up Gulf St Vincent into some of Adelaide’s beaches, however strong onshore winds will limit the quality and appeal of these waves. New South Wales Australia’s East Coast will see minimal size from this powerful Southern Ocean swell due to the very west direction and distance from the source. Regardless, a very long period south swell (due to the swell refracting around Tasmania into the Tasman Sea) will be felt during Friday. Possibly as early as the late morning, but most likely in the afternoon, waves from a distant ocean will arrive with periods of 18 to 19 seconds. Even with the limited size of the swell (around 0.2-0.3 metres), every 10-15 minutes shoulder to head high sets should break across exposed beaches. Unfortunately, a trough developing offshore will bring southerly winds limiting any decent surfing conditions. Indonesia and the South Pacific While Australia will experience the greatest size and impacts of this swell, the waves will continue propagating across the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Surfers across Indonesia may see early signs of the swell on Thursday afternoon as frontrunning waves with extra long periods of 22-24 seconds begin to move into the archipelago. The bulk of the swell will fill in overnight into Friday, with pumping heavy surf extending to Monday next week. Image: Large waves break off eastern Java’s Grajagan, Indonesia. Source: iStock / Jack Smith While Australia’s East Coast will mostly miss out on the bulk of this swell, South Pacific islands like Fiji, as well as New Zealand, will see the swell filling in over the weekend, with peak periods reaching into the 20 seconds. Beyond? It might not look like it on a map, but on the globe a straight line runs from the Indian Ocean all the way to North America’s west coast. This means our 10-12 metre swell generated southwest of WA can travel unimpeded all the way to California – a journey of about 16,000 kilometres. Image: On a globe, this line marks a 16,000 kilometre straight line between the Southern Ocean and the California coast. Over a week and a half, the swell height will decay to less than 10% its original size – but every 20-30 minutes, a surprisingly powerful set of waves from the other side of the globe will break in in California or Mexico, and it’ll have travelled from south of Australia.

16 Jul 2025, 2:52AM UTC

Satellite imagery has captured a rare case of twin sets of "morning glory" clouds rolling across the Gulf of Carpentaria in different directions on Wednesday morning. Morning glory clouds are the local name for either a long solitary roll cloud or a sequence of roll clouds. These spectacular tubular clouds appear periodically over far northern Queensland and the Gulf of Carpentaria, typically in the latter half of the northern dry season. They usually occur in the morning, hence their nickname. Typically, morning glory clouds move from east to west, and indeed we saw some of those this morning. But the four-hour satellite loop below also shows a set of morning glory clouds rolling northwards, starting off near Burketown (which lies about 200km west of Normanton, whose location can be seen on the map). Image: Four-hour satellite loop over the Southern Gulf of Carpentaria on the morning of July 16, 2025, showing two sets of morning glory clouds. By about 9am, the two sets of clouds had merged into one cloudmass flowing in a general northwesterly direction. What causes morning glory clouds? The classic east-to-west morning glory clouds typically develop when: Opposing onshore winds or sea breezes converge over Cape Yorke Peninsula at night, causing air to rise. This air then descends at night. If a low-level temperature inversion is in place over the Gulf of Carpentaria, this descending air can trigger an atmospheric gravity wave that usually travels towards the west over the Gulf of Carpentaria. One or more roll clouds can form at the crests of these atmospheric gravity waves, because cooler air causes condensation near the wave crest, while sinking air behind each roll cloud causes clear air. As for the south-to-north morning glory clouds that intersected with the classic east-to-west ones this morning, they were propelled by a cold front that had pushed unusually far north into western Queensland. One other factor worth noting in the loop above is that it shows winter fog dissipating from coastal parts of the Northern Territory’s Carpentaria forecast district. Fog is quite common in that region at this time of year, but uncommon in Darwin, which is much less exposed to easterly winds and needs a rare combination of atmospheric conditions for fog to form.